What is a utility markout?
A markout is the marking of underground utility lines with paint and flags before digging, performed by utility locators after you open an 811 ticket. Digging legally requires valid, unexpired marks.
The markout process: you call 811 or file online, a ticket number is issued, member utilities dispatch locators, and within the state's required window the site gets paint and flags in the standard colors. The ticket number is your proof of compliance; keep it with the job.
Tolerance zones and hand digging
Marks are approximate. Each state defines a tolerance zone, commonly 18 to 24 inches on each side of the marked line, where mechanized digging is prohibited and exposure must be by hand or vacuum. The machine works up to the zone; the shovel works inside it.
Expiration is the trap
Marks are valid for a fixed window (10 business days in New Jersey; it varies by state). Jobs that pause for weather, inspections, or scheduling can quietly outlive their ticket. Digging on a dead ticket is legally the same as never calling, so put the expiration date somewhere the whole crew can see it and re-call before it lapses.